Prof. MD. Mecit Süerdem

Education and Specialization

• 1989: Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine

• 1995: Çukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiodiagnostics

Experience

• Balcalı Hospital – Deputy Chief Physician / Department Head

• Private Adana Ortadoğu Hospital

• Private Algomed Hospital

• Medical Park Seyhan Hospital

Languages

• English

International Publications

• Bakan N, Bakan E, Suerdem M, Yiğitoğlu MR. Serum zinc and angiotensin converting enzyme levels in patients with lung cancer. BioFactors 1988; 1: 177-178. 
• Bakan N, Bakan E, Değer O, Süerdem M, Şahin YN, Koçak H. Kinetic parameters of serum and lung tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients with lung cancer. Acta Medica Hungarica 1989; 46: 197-205.    
• Suerdem M, Bakan N, Bakan E, Çildağ O. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in pleural effusions of patients with lung carcinoma. Saudi Medical Journal 1990; 11: 108-110.    
• Balcı K, Suerdem M. Slide test for determining plasma fibrinogen level approximately. American Journal of Hematology 1992; 40: 317-318.  
• R.A. Pauwels RA, Sears MA, Campbell M, Villasantez C, Huang S, A. Lindh A, Petermann W, Aubier M, Schwabe G, Bengtsson T, on behalf of the RELIEF Study investigators. Formoterol as relief medication in asthma: a worldwide safety and effectiveness trial. Eur Respir J 2003; 22: 787–794.
• Okudan N, Gök M, Gökbel H, Suerdem M. Single dose of tiotropium improves the 6-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung 2006;184:201-204.    
• Sevim Bavbek, Mısırlıgil Z, Suerdem M (çalışma grubu içinde). A breath for health: an exploratry study in severe asthma patients in Turkey. Allergy 2008; 63:1218-1222.    
• Ceran S, Tulek B, Sunam G, Süerdem M. Respiratory failure caused by giant thymolipoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:661-663.   
• Ceran S, Tulek B, Sunam G, Suerdem M. Respiratory failure caused by giant thymolipoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Aug;86(2):661-3.
• Ceran S, Tulek B, Sunam G, Suerdem M. Respiratory failure caused by giant thymolipoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Aug;86(2):661-3.
• Tulek B, Kanat F, Yosunkaya S, Ceran S, Suerdem M. Pneumothorax as an initial manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2010;14(3):249-51.
• Tulek B, Kanat F, Yosunkaya S, Ceran S, Suerdem M. Pneumothorax as an initial manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2010;14(3):249-51.
• Tulek B, Kanat F, Yosunkaya S, Ceran S, Suerdem M. Pneumothorax as an initial manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath. 2010 Sep;14(3):249-51.
• Tulek B, Kiyan E, Toy H, Kiyici A, Narin C, Suerdem M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of sirolimus on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Clin Invest Med 2011 Dec 1;34(6):E341.
• Tulek B, Kiyan E, Toy H, Kiyici A, Narin C, Suerdem M. Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of sirolimus on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Clin Invest Med 2011 Dec 1;34(6):E341.
• Tulek B, Kanat F, Tol S, Suerdem M. Flexible bronchoscopy may decrease respiratory muscle strength: premedicational midazolam in focus. Multidiscip Respir Med 2012 Sept 25;7(1):31.
• Tulek B, Kanat F, Tol S, Suerdem M. Flexible bronchoscopy may decrease respiratory muscle strength: premedicational midazolam in focus. Multidiscip Respir Med 2012 Sept 25;7(1):31.
• Tulek B, Kiyan E, Kiyici A, Toy H, Bariskaner H, Suerdem M. Effects of simvastatin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in female rats. Biol Res. 2012;45(4):345-50.
• Tulek B, Kiyan E, Kiyici A, Toy H, Bariskaner H, Suerdem M. Effects of simvastatin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in female rats. Biol Res. 2012;45(4):345-50.
• Tulek B, Atalay NB, Kanat F, Suerdem M. Attentional control is partially impaired in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Sleep Res 2013;22(4):422-9.
• Tulek B, Atalay NB, Kanat F, Suerdem M. Attentional control is partially impaired in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Sleep Res 2013;22(4):422-9.
• Tulek B, Kivrak AS, Ozbek S, Kanat F, Suerdem M. Phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the modified Bhalla scoring system for high-resolution computed tomography. Can Respir J 2013;20(2):91-6.
• Tulek B, Kivrak AS, Ozbek S, Kanat F, Suerdem M. Phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using the modified Bhalla scoring system for high-resolution computed tomography. Can Respir J 2013;20(2):91-6.
• Tulek B, Atalay NB, Yildirim G, Kanat F, Süerdem M. Cognitive function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship to global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2011 categories. Respirology 2014 Aug;19(6):873-80.
• Tulek B, Atalay NB, Yildirim G, Kanat F, Suerdem M. Cognitive function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship to global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease 2011 categories. Respirology 2014 Aug;19(6):873-80.
• Misirligil Z, Cımrın A, Gunen H, Ozlu T, Cilli A, Akyildiz L, Bayram H,  Gemicioglu B, Uzaslan E, Abadoglu O, Suerdem M. Real Life Profile Of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients In Turkey. Tuberk Toraks 2017;65:169-179.
• Yormaz B, Tülek B, Süerdem M. Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma in Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A Case Report. Respir Case Rep 2018;7(2):114-117.
• Cilekar S, Tulek B, Kanat F, Suerdem M, Levendoglu F, Taspınar IT. Effect of low‑intensity pulmonary rehabilitation program on quality of life and pulmonary functions in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 2019;26:14-20.
• Yormaz B, Fındık D, Suerdem M. Differences of viral panel positive versus negative by real-time PCR in COPD exacerbated patients. Tuberk Toraks 2019;67(2):124-130.
• Gemicioglu B, Bayram H, Cimrin A, Abadoglu O, Cilli A, Uzaslan E, Gunen H, Akyildiz L, Suerdem M, Ozlu T, Misirligil Z. Asthma control and adherence in newly diagnosed young and elderly adult patients with asthma in Turkey. J Asthma 2019;56(5):553-561.
• Gulbas G, Turan O, Sarioglu N, Diken OE, Ogan N, Kadioglu EE, Kurtipek E, Bozkus F, Demirci NY, Beyan AC, Mutlu LC, Duyar SS, Deniz S,  Fazlioglu N, Sengul A, Tanriverdi H, Okutan O, Turan PA, Inonu H, Ortakoylu MG, Lakadamyali H, Kivanc T, Atli O, Ozdemir O, Koşar AF,  Mirici A, Suerdem M. Carotid intima‐media thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and survival: A multicenter prospective study. Clin Respir J 2019;1-9.
• Yormaz B, Cebeci H, Yılmaz F, Suerdem M. Bone mineral density in emphysema and chronic bronchitis phenotypes in hospitalized male chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Respir J 2020;14:47–53.
• 33.Yormaz B, Ergun D, Tulek B, Ergun R, Korez KM, Suerdem M, Kanat F. The evaluation of prognostic value of acute phase reactants in the COVID-19. Bratisl Med J 2020;121(9):628 – 633.
• Suerdem M, Gunen H, Akyildiz L, Cilli A, Ozlu T, Uzaslan E,  Abadoglu O, Bayram H, Cimrin AH, Gemicioglu B, Misirligil Z. Demographic, Clinical and Management Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed COPD Patients in Turkey: A Real-Life Study. Int J of COPD 2020:15 261–267.
• Yormaz B, Menevse E, Cetin N, Celik ZE, Bakir H, Tulek B, Korez MK, Suerdem M. Diagnostic value of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and of periostin in eosinophilic asthma: A prospective study. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings 2021;42:

National Publications

• Agun K, Süerdem M, Özer C, Aydın Ş, Ballı Ş, Aydemir G, Coşkun İ. Comparative tuberculosis education survey in students of central Erzincan schools and adults. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1984;16:59-71.

• Agun K, Bilgin C, Süerdem M. Analysis of bronchoscopy results performed in our clinic. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1984;16:103-109.

• Süerdem M, Gökmen L. Toxic effects of oxygen. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1985;17:75-79.

• Apaydın MC, Bilgin C, Gök H, Süerdem M. Serum copper and iron levels in patients with lung cancer. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1985;17:609-623.

• Paç M, Ökten İ, Sağıroğlu F, Koçak H, Süerdem M. Diagnosis and surgical treatment in hydatid lung cyst cases frequently seen in Eastern Turkey. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1985;17:235-245.

• Apaydın MC, Süerdem M, Kelemençe N, Paç M. A case report of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1985;17:181-185.

• Paç M, Aydın Y, Süerdem M. Adult respiratory distress syndrome. Türkiye Klinikleri 1986;6:29-33.

• Süerdem M, Apaydın MC. Bronchodilatory effect of nifedipine in COPD. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1986;18:349-354.

• Süerdem M. Bronchodilatory effect of inhaled salbutamol in COPD. İzmir Göğüs Hastalıkları Hastanesi Dergisi 1986;1:50-53.

• Süerdem M. Lung diseases and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1987;19:59-63.

• Çildağ O, Süerdem M, Özdemir Ş. Hemoptysis in Behçet’s disease: A case report and literature review. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1987;19:133-136.

• Kelemençe N, Değer O, Paç M, Apaydın MC, Süerdem M, Koçak H. Serum and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in malignant pleurisy cases. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1987;19:111-117.

• Kelemençe N, Değer O, Apaydın MC, Süerdem M, Paç M, Koçak H. Serum and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in tuberculosis pleurisy cases. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1987;19:441-446.

• Değer O, Kelemençe N, Apaydın MC, Paç M, Süerdem M, Koçak H. Serum and pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels in non-malignant infectious and transudative pleurisy cases. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1987;19:359-366.

• Özer C, Süerdem M, Apaydın MC. Corticosteroid therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1987;19:425-431.

• Süerdem M, Bakan E, Ateşal S, Çildağ O. Serum GLDH levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1987;19:213-216.

• Çildağ O, Süerdem M. Pregnancy and asthma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1988;20:51-57.

• Çildağ O, Süerdem M, Güney Ş, Çelebi S. Pulmonary aspergilloma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1988;20:681-686.

• Bakan N, Bakan E, Süerdem M, Yiğitoğlu MR. Effect of metal ions on serum and lung tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in primary lung cancer patients. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:59-65.

• Bakan N, Bakan E, Süerdem M, Kaya N, Pirim İ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in healthy individuals in Erzurum and surroundings. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:319-326.

• Süerdem M, Bakan E, Koçak H, Çildağ O. Angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in serum and cancerous tissues of lung cancer patients. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:459-462.

• Süerdem M, Bakan N, Bakan E, Çildağ O, Özbek Ü. Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate in bronchial asthma. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:531-535.

• Çildağ O, Süerdem M, Bakan E, Bakan N. Angiotensin-converting enzyme and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and bronchial lavage of lung cancer patients. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:599-606.

• Çildağ O, Koçak H, Süerdem M, Özbek Ü. Serum and urine zinc levels in primary lung cancer patients. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1988;20:777-780.

• Agun K, Saltık A, Keriş R, Süerdem M. Ventilatory lung functions of 679 workers in sugar, cement, and coal industries. İSGÜM Bülteni 1989;15.

• Çildağ O, Süerdem M, Çetintaş G, Özbek Ü. Diagnostic value of repeated closed parietal pleural needle biopsy in patients with pleural effusions. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1989;21:25-29.

• Agun K, Süerdem M, Keriş R. Peak flow rate values in 1350 healthy men. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıp Bülteni 1990;22:193-201.

• Çakır B, Ödev K, Süerdem M. Computed tomography in the diagnosis of tuberculous bronchiectasis. Türk Radyoloji Dergisi 1990;2:15-18.

• Çakır B, Süerdem M, Sakarya ME. Computed tomography in differential diagnosis of diffuse pleural diseases. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1991;7:15-20.

• Süerdem M. Efficacy of cefuroxime axetil in lower respiratory tract infections. Turk J Resc Med Sci 1991;9:5-6.

• Karabacak H, Özmen S, Soysal S, Süerdem M, Onur E. Effects of lumbar epidural analgesia during labor on neonates. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1992;8:407-414.

• Agun K, Keriş R, Avcı R, Süerdem M. Smoking habits in healthy subjects. Dirim 1992;7-8:279-286.

• Süerdem M, Ateşal S, Bakan E, Şenocak H, Yiğitoğlu MR, Özbek Ü. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic hypoxemic patients with pulmonary hypertension. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Bülteni 1992;8:559-563.

• Süerdem M, Şenocak H, Yiğitoğlu MR, Özbek Ü, Ateşal S, Bakan E. Effects of nifedipine on pulmonary arterial atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic hypoxemic patients with pulmonary hypertension. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1992;8:617-622.

• Süerdem M. Alternative therapy in asthma. Medikal Magazin 1994;97:60-61.

• Süerdem M. Occupational asthma clinic. Solunum 1994;19:5-8.

• Balcı K, Süerdem M, Gök M, Ödev K, Karasüleymanoğlu A. Multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules with squamous cell carcinoma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1994;10:245-248.

• Zamani A, Aşkın R, Gödeneli B, Ilısu B, Süerdem M. Personality traits of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis determined by MMPI. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 1995;43:21-23.

• Karaköse S, Kaya A, Süerdem M, Karasüleymanoğlu A, Kaptanoğlu B, Doğan E. CT examination of adrenal glands in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Ulusal Endokrinoloji Dergisi 1995;5:69-78.

• Demir O, Zamani A, Gödeneli B, Süerdem M, İlhan S. Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Ankara Medical School 1996;18:79-81.

• Zamani A, İlhan N, Bektemür G, Süerdem M, Sandıkcı Y. Electroencephalographic changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Journal of Ankara Medical School 1996;18:29-31.

• Süerdem M, Zamani A, Tuncer İ, Baysal B. Bacterial flora of lower respiratory tract in COPD patients determined by microbiological sampling brush. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 1997;4:235-240.

• Süerdem M, Gök M, Arıkan V. Effect of oxolamine in chronic bronchitis. Solunum Hastalıkları 1997;8:553-560.

• Gök M, Abdulkadiroğlu Z, Atçı A, Süerdem M. Monitoring ototoxic effects of streptomycin via brainstem auditory evoked responses. Solunum Hastalıkları 1997;8:561-568.

• Gök M, Yaşar S, Süerdem M. Pulmonary aspergilloma cases. Genel Tıp Dergisi 1997;7:33-35.

• Demiralay R, Zamani A, Bediz C, Süerdem M. Effect of theophylline on flow-rate index and respiratory function tests in COPD. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 1997;4:262-266.

• Gök M, Arıkan V, Zamani A, Süerdem M. Results of smoking survey among Selçuk University students. Anadolu Tıp Dergisi 1998;1:21-24.

• Ertoy E, Tuncer İ, Süerdem M. Evaluation of 391 patients treated for tuberculosis by hospitalization. Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1999;15:133-138.

• Yaşar S, Genç BO, Genç E, Demir O, Süerdem M. Visual evoked potentials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 1999;6:37-40.

• Genç BO, Yaşar S, Genç E, Demir O, Süerdem M. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2000;10:115-119.

• Erdinç E, Erk M, Kocabaş A, Mirici A, Süerdem M, Tatlıcıoğlu T, Umut S, Yılmaz V. Toraks Derneği Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Guide. 2000;1(Ek 2).

• Süerdem M. Medical follow-up of stable COPD patients. Galenos 2004;8:35-40.

• Süerdem M. COPD from child to adult. Toraks Dergisi 2004;5(Ek 1):31-37.

• Süerdem M. Importance of early diagnosis and treatment in COPD. Klinik Aktüel Tıp Solunum Forumu 2007;1:20-24.

• Süerdem M. COPD, pneumonia, and pneumonia vaccine. Aşı ve Yaşam 2009;3:9-13.

• Tülek B, Süerdem M. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia and heterozygous MTHFR mutation associated with pulmonary thromboembolism. Solunum 2010;12(1):52–55.

• Yormaz B, Tülek B, Arslan U, Sütçü L, Fındık D, Süerdem M. Quantitative detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in COPD exacerbations by real-time PCR. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2011;13(1):32-40 | DOI: 10.5505/solunum.2011.88156

• Tülek B, Yıldırım G, Kanat F, Süerdem M. Aberrant right subclavian artery syndrome and chronic cough. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2013;15(1):21-24.

• Tülek B, Fikret Kanat, Süerdem M. Progesterone treatment experience in a patient with lymphangioleiomyomatosis presenting with recurrent pneumothorax. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2014;16(3):199-202.

• Tülek B, Füsun Baba, Esra İnan, Fikret Kanat, Süerdem M. Synchronous, multiple primary lung cancers: A report of three cases. Eurasian J Pulmonol 2015;17(1):54-57.

• Yurtgün H, Tülek B, Ekmekçi H, Kanat F, Süerdem M. Subclinical peripheral neuropathy in patients with COPD without hypoxemia. 2021;31:175-179.

Books and Book Chapters

• Süerdem M. Hydatid Lung Disease. In: Balcı K (ed), Chest Diseases. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Istanbul 1991;444-450.

• Süerdem M. Diaphragm Diseases. In: Balcı K (ed), Chest Diseases. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Istanbul 1991;451-455.

• Süerdem M. Mediators and Neuropeptides in Asthma. In: Barış Yİ (ed), Bronchial Asthma. Ankara 1991;25-37.

• Süerdem M. Tuberculosis. Dizgievi, Konya, 1994.

• Süerdem M. Acute Respiratory Failure. In: Kutlu A, Kapıcıoğlu S (eds), Accidents and Emergency Treatments. Medya Grafik, Konya 1997;241-246.

• Süerdem M. Diagnostic Methods in Bronchial Asthma. In: Aydilek R (ed), Allergic Diseases and Bronchial Asthma. Aktüel Tıp Dergisi, Istanbul 1998;421-427.

• Süerdem M. Pathology. In: Umut S, Erdinç E (eds), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Toraks Kitapları 2000;2:40-44.

• Süerdem M. Treatment of Acute Exacerbations in COPD. In: Umut S, Erdinç E (eds), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Toraks Kitapları 2000;2:188-196.

• Süerdem M. Inhalation Therapy. Konya, 2000.

• Süerdem M. Exacerbation and Treatment in COPD. In: Umut S, Yıldırım N (eds), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Chest Diseases Series (4), Turgut Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2005;146-160.

• Süerdem M. Diagnostic Methods in Asthma. In: Aydilek R (ed), Allergic Diseases and Bronchial Asthma. Bilmedya Grup, Istanbul 2004;133-143.

• Süerdem M. Pulmonary Embolism. In: Erol Ç (ed), Internal Medicine. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, Istanbul 2009;2633-2641.

• Süerdem M. Asthma and COPD: Definition, Epidemiology, and Diagnosis. In: Öztürk C, Çalışkaner Z (eds), Inhalation Therapy in Asthma and COPD. TÜSAD Educational Book Series, Deomed, Istanbul 2009;7-31.

• Yormaz B, Süerdem M, Demirci NY. Thoracentesis and Pleural Biopsy. In: Aydemir Y (ed), Approach to Patients and Diagnostic Methods in Respiratory Diseases. TÜSAD Educational Book Series, Kare Yayıncılık, Istanbul 2020;331-345.

Editorial Roles

• Chief Editor, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi

• Chief Editor, Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology

• Editor, TÜSAD COPD Bulletin

• Editor, Turkish Thoracic Society Educational Book Series

• Editor, Türkiye Klinikleri COPD Special Issue

• Editor, Medical Education Chest Diseases Book

Books Authored/Edited

• Inhalation Therapy

• Müller’s Lung Diseases: Radiological and Pathological Correlations (2 volumes, Translation Editor)

• Understanding Chest X-ray (Translation Editor)